Reported Speech

If you are on grade X and your English lesson is about News, you will have Reported Speech in the grammar section. Reported Speech is needed when we are telling what people said or told to us.

Nek awakmu kelas siji SMA, Rek, awakmu lak mesti nyampek pelajaran Warta nang kelas Bahasa Inggris, nah iku mesthine lak mbahas Kalimat Tidak Langsung (opo boso Jowone?). Kalimat Tidak Langsung iku digawe lek katene nyritakno opo sing wes diomongno uwong.

Pay attention to these examples:
Delok'en contone iki:

 Vino said,

"I'm hungry." 

"There's no food in the fridge."

"I don't have any money."

"I saw Karina yesterday."

"I had no reason to hate you."

"I have followed you on Twitter."

"I had watched the movie."

The Reported Speech will be:

Vino said that he was hungry.

Vino said that there was no food in the fridge.

Vino said that he didn't have any money.

Vino said that he saw* Karina .

Vino said that he had* no reason to hate me.

Vino said that he had followed me on Twitter.

Vino said that he had watched the movie.

*when the direct statement is in simple past tense we may use either  simple past or past perfect for the reported speech. For example: Vino said that he had seen Karina.

*lek kalimat langsunge iku nggawe simple past awak'e oleh nggawe simple past utawa past perfect digawe kalimat tidak langsung e.

  

 

Hasan :

"Stop tagging me your photos."

"Wash my motorbike after this."

"Don't smoke around me!"

"Don't go anywhere!"

 

 The examples above show the direct statement in the form of Command. The reported speech will be like this:

Conto nang ndhuwur iku nduduhno kalimat langsung nek rupo perintah. Kalimat Tidak Langsung e bakal dadi:

  Hasan told me to stop tagging him my photos.

 Hasan told me to wash his motorbike after this.

Hasan told me not to smoke around him.

Hasan told me not to go anywhere.

   In the examples above you can see that the positive command will change into to + infinitive while negative command will change into not to + infinitive.

Ndek contone iku awakmu iso ndelok lek perintah positif bakal e dadi to + infinitive lha nek negatif dadi not to + infinitive.

  

 Ryan said:

"I'm missing you so much."

"I was waiting for you that night."

The Reported Speech:

 

Ryan said that he was missing me so much.

Ryan said that he was waiting for me that night.

or

Ryan said that he had been waiting for me that night.

Present and past continuous direct statements are treated like others. If it is present continuous, it will change into past continuous, therefore, if it is past continuous, it will change into past perfect continuous or stay the same.

Kalimat langsung lek nggawe present lan past continuous dianggep koyok liyane. Lek present continuous yo dadi past continuous, nah, lek past continuous yo dadi past perfect continuous utawa tetep.

Fadli said:

"I can dance."  

"I could go to other club"

"I have to go to bu Atifa's house."

"I should listen to my mom." 

 "I might have been buried underground if they didn't ring the alarm."

What about modal verbs like these?

Fadli said that he could dance.

Fadli said that  he could go* to other club.

Fadli said that he had to go to bu Atifa's house.

Fadli said that he should have listened to his mom.

Fadli said that he might have been buried underground if they didn't ring the alarm.

   

*Fadli said that he could have gone to other club. 

 

Cinta Tanah Airkah Anda?

Dulu, ketika anda semua masih siswa TK atau SD, apakah anda menikmati upacara bendera hari Senin? Apakah anda terharu ketika bendera dikerek sambil diiringi lagu Indonesia Raya? Apakah hati anda ikut tergetar ketika Susi Susanti berdiri di depan Sang Merah Putih sambil meneteskan air mata saat memenangi medali emas Olimpiade Barcelona 1992? 

Atau sebaliknya? Atau anda ikut-ikut menghujat kesalahan anak-anak bangsa ketika mobil listrik menabrak tebing, pesawat terjatuh dengan dugaan terganggu sinyal telepon genggam, seorang peserta UN menggunakan telepon genggam, pulau terjual ke pihak asing, seorang kepala sekolah mencabuli 12 murid, politikus ulama terlibat korupsi, pemerasan oleh paranormal, dst.?

Apapun jawaban anda, saya ingin tekankan bahwa kita perlu memisahkan antara fisik dengan non fisik, subjek dengan objek, oknum dengan kasus. Jangan sampai kita menggadaikan rasa nasionalisme kita kepada kriminalitas atau bahkan kriminalisasi atas suatu objek. Alangkah indahnya hidup ini jika kita bisa sebijaksana bunda Theresa yang memiliki prinsip "Love the sinner, hate the sin" sehingga tidak perlu terjadi hujat-menghujat antar sesama anak bangsa.

UN 2013 kacau balau, 11 propinsi ditunda Kamis, 18 April: Ya sudahlah, mari benci penundaaannya, mari benci kekacauannya, mari benci ketidak-valid-annya, tapi sebagai sesama anak bangsa, marilah saling mengingatkan dengan bahasa yang santun. Mari kita temukan solusi bersama atas masalah ini, misalnya, UN tak perlu ada lagi, diganti Eva Arnas (Evaluasi Akhir Nasional), atau dibuat sistem UNC (Ujian Negara Cicilan), atau lebih bagus lagi kalau cukup Evaluasi Kelas oleh tiap guru. Mengenai kekhawatiran akan penurunan Education Development Index (EDI) saya kira tidak perlu seheboh saat ini. Mari belajar dari negara-negara lain dimana peningkatan profesionalisme tenaga pendidik benar-benar mendapat porsi lebih banyak. Mengapa tidak meningkatkan pengawasan terhadap guru-guru? Mengapa tidak memberi sanksi tegas bagi siapapun yang mencederai pengingkatan kualitas pendidikan? Mengapa tidak menyediakan fasilitas pendidikan yang murah dan berkualitas?

Pesawat LA jatuh di bibir pantai dekat Bandara Ngurah Rai: ya sudah, mari benci kecelakaannya, tapi jangan benci penumpangnya yang sebagian besar orang Indonesia yang terduga menggunakan telepon genggam saat pesawat akan mendarat. Mari saling mengingatkan satu sama lain bahwa sinyal telepon genggam, gameboy, Ipad, notebook, dll. dapat mengganggu sistem navigasi pesawat dan mari kita tingkatkan kesadaran bersama bahwa keselamatan itu penting, baik di darat, laut, maupun udara, tidak hanya ketika di udara saja. Buat apalah kita menghujat penumpang pesawat yang tetap menyalakan telepon genggam di dalam kabin tapi kita sendiri belum punya SIM C kemana-mana bepergian dengan sepeda motor, tanpa helm pula!

Janganlah merasa lebih pintar dengan menghujat orang lain yang lalai mematikan gameboy tapi diri kita sendiri masih mau menyontek saat UAS apalagi beli kunci jawaban UN dari joki-joki LBB.

Barangkali kita perlu melihat kembali ke masa lalu saat kita masih di dalam barisan upacara dengan tangan menghormat dan dada bergemuruh saat mendengar lagu Indonesia Raya dinyanyikan:

Indonesia, my homeland,

where I shed my blood,

There I stand to be the leader of my motherland.

Indonesia, my nationality,

my nation, and my homeland,

Let's exclaim: Indonesia, Unite!

Long live, my land,

Long live, my country,

my nation, my people, entirely,

(Maaf, takutnya ada yang sudah tidak bangga lagi berbahasa Indonesia) 

Kita hanya diminta kesadaran untuk mencintai tanah air, bukan mengorbankan jiwa-raga. Mari kita semua bersatu dan saling parcaya. Masih banyak hal lain yang bagus dan menggembirakan tentang negeri ini. (JR/17042013)